Lactose Intolerance in Infants & Children: Frequently Asked Questions of Most Parents

Lactose intolerance is a common digestive disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. You or your child may have lactose intolerance if you've ever experienced discomfort or digestive issues after consuming dairy products. But don't worry; you're not alone! Studies have shown that up to 75% of the world's population may be lactose intolerant to some degree. While it may seem daunting to give up your favourite dairy foods, many alternatives and strategies help you manage your symptoms and still enjoy a balanced and healthy diet. So, let's explore the ins and outs of lactose intolerance and learn how to live well with this condition.

What Is Lactose Intolerance in Children?

Lactose intolerance in children occurs when they cannot properly digest lactose, a sugar in milk and dairy products. Lactose intolerance is caused by a deficiency of lactase, the enzyme responsible for breaking lactose into simpler sugars that the body can absorb.

While lactose intolerance is more commonly seen in adults, it can also affect children. Infants can sometimes be born with lactose intolerance, but this is rare. More commonly, lactose intolerance in children develops as they get older, typically after the age of two or three.

Symptoms of lactose intolerance in children can include abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhoea, and nausea. In some cases, lactose intolerance can also lead to difficulty gaining weight or stunted growth if not properly managed.

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What Are the Causes of Lactose Intolerance?

Lactose intolerance occurs when the body cannot fully digest lactose, a sugar in milk and dairy products. The leading cause of lactose intolerance is a deficiency of lactase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose into simpler sugars that the body can absorb.

What are the Types of Lactose Intolerance?

There are three main types of lactose intolerance:

1. Primary lactose intolerance

Primary lactose intolerance is the most common form of lactose intolerance and occurs when the body produces less lactase as people age. It's estimated that up to 75% of the world's population has some primary lactose intolerance.

2. Secondary lactose intolerance

Secondary lactose intolerance occurs when lactase production decreases due to damage to the small intestine. This damage can be caused by celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or chemotherapy.

3. Congenital lactose intolerance

This is a rare genetic disorder where infants are born without the ability to produce lactase. This type of lactose intolerance is usually apparent from birth.

Also read: Irritable Bowel Syndrome : Meaning, Causes, Types & Treatment

What are the Dietary changes to deal with Lactose Intolerance?

If your child has been diagnosed with lactose intolerance, several dietary changes can be made to help manage the condition. These changes may include the following:

1. Avoiding or limiting dairy products

This includes milk, cheese, ice cream, and other dairy-based foods. However, it's important to note that some children may be able to tolerate small amounts of lactose without symptoms, so it's worth working with your child's healthcare provider to determine their tolerance level.

2. Using lactose-free dairy products

Many grocery stores now carry lactose-free versions of dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yoghurt. These products are made by adding lactase to the dairy to break down the lactose.

3. Substituting non-dairy products

There are many non-dairy alternatives to milk and other dairy products available, such as soy milk, almond milk, and coconut milk. Many of these products are also fortified with calcium and other essential nutrients.

4. Taking lactase supplements

These supplements are available over-the-counter and can be taken before consuming dairy products to help break down the lactose.

5. Increasing calcium intake

Since dairy products are a significant source of calcium, it's essential to ensure that your child is getting enough calcium from other sources. Good non-dairy sources of calcium include leafy greens, tofu, fortified juices and cereals.

Conclusion

Parents need to work with their child's healthcare provider to properly diagnose lactose intolerance and develop a plan for managing the condition. This may involve limiting or avoiding dairy products, using lactase supplements, and ensuring that the child gets adequate calcium and other nutrients from non-dairy sources. With the proper care and management, children with lactose intolerance can still enjoy a healthy and balanced diet.