Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) in pregnancy - Overview

You may hear many new terms during your pregnancy, one of which is FGR in pregnancy (Fetal Growth Restriction) or IUGR (Intrauterine Growth Restriction). Both clearly reference the same condition where your baby doesn’t attain average weight during pregnancy. It happens because of a problem in the placenta (a temporary that nourishes the baby) during birth.

Ultrasound helps to detect FGR in pregnancy, and treatment can improve things, but the condition cannot be fully cured. According to StatPearls, the problem is mainly observed in low-income and developing countries where about 3% to 7% of pregnancies are diagnosed with FGR.

Are you also worried about FGR pregnancy? This article will help you with detailed information.

What is Fetal growth restriction (FGR) in Pregnancy?

FGR in pregnancy is a condition that occurs during pregnancy when a fetus does not grow to its expected size—often described as the baby’s estimated weight being less than the 10th percentile. It means your baby will weigh less than 9 out of 10 babies of the same gestational age (number of weeks since the first day of your last menstrual period).

If FGR in pregnancy is suspected, you need to take immediate steps to receive medical care as soon as possible to help ensure the best outcome for the baby.

Causes of Fetal Growth Restriction in Pregnancy

FGR can happen anytime during pregnancy, but the exact causes remain unknown in many cases. However, some of the most common reasons include the following:

1. Placental problems: If the placenta is not functioning correctly, it can cause FGR.

2. Maternal health issues: Certain health conditions, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or malnutrition, can contribute to FGR.

3. Genetic abnormalities: Sometimes, it is caused by genetic abnormalities in the baby, like Down syndrome.

4. Infections: Infections during pregnancy, such as rubella or cytomegalovirus, can cause FGR.

5. Multiple pregnancies: Pregnancy with more than one baby (such as twins or triplets) is more likely to result in FGR, as the babies may not have enough space to grow properly.

6. Tobacco and alcohol use: Having a history of tobacco, drugs, and alcohol or consuming them during pregnancy can increase the risk of FGR.

7. Other factors: High blood pressure, diabetes, low weight and poor nutrition can also promote FGR.

Symptoms of Fetal Growth Restriction During Pregnancy

You may not notice any symptoms of FGR in pregnancy, as it is often discovered during routine prenatal care through ultrasound or other tests. However, if it is suspected, please closely monitor these signs of complications.

1. Decreased fetal movement: The baby may be less active than usual, or there may be a decrease in the amount of fetal movement you feel.

2. Preterm labour: The conditions can increase the risk of preterm labour (it occurs before 37 weeks of pregnancy).

3. Symptoms in the baby: Some common symptoms include low birth weight, reduced blood sugar level and body temperature and trouble fighting infections.

Diagnosis of Fetal Growth Restriction During Pregnancy

An ultrasound test is widely used to diagnose the issue of FGR in pregnancy. It uses high-frequency sound waves to create an image of the fetus to measure its size and growth. However, other tests, including non-stress tests, biophysical profiles, doppler velocimetry and amniotic fluid index tests, can help determine the fetus’s size. Doctors recommend different types of tests based on the severity of your condition.

Prevention of Fetal Growth Restriction During Pregnancy

Unfortunately, there is no sure way to prevent FGR in pregnancy, as the exact cause is often unknown. However, there are several things that you can do to reduce the risk and promote healthy fetal growth.

1. Getting early and regular prenatal care

2. Managing chronic health conditions

3. Eating a healthy diet

4. Avoiding tobacco, alcohol and drugs

5. Managing stress through relaxation techniques, yoga, etc.

How is FGR treated?

FGR pregnancy cannot be cured, but its severity can indeed be managed with the help of alternative treatments and medications that include

1. Close monitoring with regular ultrasounds and tests.

2. Medicines to help improve the function of the placenta.

3. Bed rest for complicated cases.

4. Inducing labour before the due date to ensure the baby’s safety.

5. Delivery by c-section.

The treatment depends on individual circumstances, and your doctor will help you develop the most appropriate treatment plan.

What should you do if your baby has FGR?

First of all, be assured that you are not alone and that having FGR in pregnancy doesn’t always mean severe damage. A combined data of 25 studies, including 2895 complicated pregnancies, shows an 81% survival rate. Many cases show no complications at all.

However, following the treatment plan recommended by your doctor is essential. It can involve close monitoring, medications, bed rest, inducing labour or delivering the baby by c-section. Deal it with utmost care and ensure you do not miss any appointments.

In addition, you can also seek support from loved ones or consider joining a support group for pregnant women with a similar condition. Make sure you remain aware of the potential long-term consequences of FGR in pregnancy and be prepared for the possibility of additional medical care or support after the baby is born.