Laparoscopy In Gynecology

What is Gynecological Laparoscopy?

Gynecological Laparoscopy is a medical procedure in which a laparoscope (a thin tube with a camera) is used to examine the pelvic area. This allows the doctor to check for abnormalities or growths in the area. It is also used to assist doctors in performing major surgeries such as ovarian cyst removal, uterus removal by laparoscopy (hysterectomy), or ectopic pregnancy. Gynecological laparoscopy is also a safer alternative to open surgery.

Why is it done?

Laparoscopy in Gynecology is used to diagnose the following medical conditions.

• Endometriosis

• Ovarian tumors or cysts

• Fibroids

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• Pelvic scar tissue

• Pelvic inflammatory disease

• Pelvic pus

• Ectopic pregnancy

• Ovarian cancer

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• Pelvic prolapse

Gynecological laparoscopy is used to treat the following conditions.

• Ovary removal (oophorectomy)

• Laparoscopic surgery for uterus removal (hysterectomy)

• Removal of fibroids

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• Tubal ligation (Block the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy)

• Remove an ectopic pregnancy

• Incontinence (lack of control over urination)

• Prolapsed uterus

Preparing for the procedure

The laparoscopic Gynecologist will recommend a battery of imaging tests to diagnose the condition. The individual must also discuss their medical history and tell the doctor about their medications. The doctor may ask the individual to stop taking those medications a few days before the procedure. The Gynecological laparoscopy takes 30 to 60 minutes to diagnose a medical condition. It may take longer when treating certain medical conditions.

1. During the procedure

The doctor administers general anesthesia to ensure the individual does not feel any pain during the procedure. A small needle with carbon dioxide gas is inserted into the abdomen. This protects the organs from injury during the process.

A small incision is made on the navel, and the laparoscope is inserted. Clear images are projected on the screen. This allows the doctor to check for abnormalities and diagnose the condition. In the case of laparoscopy of the uterus, several cuts are made, and other instruments are inserted through these cuts. The surgeon performs the procedure under the guidance of the laparoscope.

Once the procedure is completed, all the instruments are removed. The incisions are cleaned, stitched, and bandaged properly. The individual is moved to a recovery room to allow the effects of the anesthesia to wear off.

2. After the procedure

The nurses will monitor the vital signs and wait for the anesthesia to wear off. Depending on the type of procedure, the patient can go home on the same day or after a few days. It is usual for the navel to feel sore and develop bruises. The laparoscopic Gynecologist will give proper instructions before the patient is sent home. Along with instructions, the doctor will also prescribe pain medications and antibiotics to reduce the risk of infection. An individual may get back to their daily activities in a few weeks or a month.

What happens when the uterus is removed?

Uterus laparoscopic surgery is a medical procedure where a laparoscope is used to assist in the removal of the uterus. The Gynecologist of laparoscopy completes the rest of the surgery and removes the uterus via the vagina.

Benefits of uterus laparoscopy

These are the following benefits of getting a laparoscopic uterus removal in comparison to open surgery.

• Less pain

• Minimal blood loss

• Shorter stay in the hospital

• Faster recovery

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• Reduced risk of infection

Is Laparoscopic surgery safe?

Laparoscopic surgery in the uterus or for any other medical condition is considered a safer and more effective alternative compared to open surgery. Consult a Gynecologist of laparoscopy to understand the risk and benefits of this procedure before moving forward.

Risks/ Complications

The following factors may increase one's risk of complications after Gynecological laparoscopy.

• Obesity

• Chronic bowel disease

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• Pelvic infection

• Severe endometriosis

• Heart surgery

• Abdominal surgery

• Lung condition

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• Heart condition

• Underweight

• Old age

An individual may face the following complications after Gynecological laparoscopy.

• Allergic reaction

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• Nerve damage

• Blood clot

• Trouble urinating

• Damage to the uterus or nearby pelvic structures

• Bleeding

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• Pain

• Bruises

• Nausea

• Soreness

• Fatigue

• Shoulder pain

• Hernia

• Infection

When to see the doctor?

An individual must visit the doctor if they experience the following symptoms for a prolonged period after the uterus laparoscopic surgery.

• High fever

• Bleeding

• Infection at the surgery site

• Severe abdominal pain

• Vomiting and nausea

• Redness

• Swelling

• Trouble breathing

• Heavy menstrual flow

Conclusion

Gynecological laparoscopy is a medical procedure used to diagnose and treat several medical ailments. It is a safer and more effective alternative to open surgery. Individuals with cysts, fibroids or reproductive cancer are the ideal candidates for this procedure. Some individuals may experience complications like bleeding, infection, or hernia. Consult a doctor immediately if one experiences symptoms like high fever, severe abdominal pain and nausea.

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References

Agarwal P, Bindal N, Yadav R. (2016). Risks and Benefits of Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy and the Effect of Learning Curve on Them. NCBI